GBS is a rare neurological disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to weakness, paralysis, and even respiratory failure in severe cases.
What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
According to Dr. Amit Shah, a neurologist at Pune’s Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, “GBS is an autoimmune disorder that affects the nervous system. It can cause tingling sensations, muscle weakness, and in extreme cases, complete paralysis.”
While the exact cause remains unknown, GBS is often triggered by infections, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Some cases have also been linked to viral illnesses like influenza and COVID-19.
Symptoms and Progression of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
It usually starts with numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, followed by muscle weakness. The weakness can progress rapidly, affecting mobility and even breathing if the diaphragm muscles are involved.
Common symptoms include:
- Weakness in the legs, arms, and upper body
- Loss of reflexes
- Numbness and tingling
- Difficulty breathing in severe cases
Treatment and Recovery
While GBS has no known cure, early treatment can significantly improve outcomes. Dr. Shah emphasizes, “Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy are the two main treatments. They help reduce the immune system’s attack on the nervous system.”
Most patients recover over weeks to months, but some may face long-term complications.
Recent Surge in Pune
With 158 cases reported in Pune alone, doctors are investigating potential triggers. “We suspect a recent viral outbreak may have triggered this surge,” says Dr. Kulkarni.
Experts urge people to recognize early symptoms and seek medical attention immediately.
